Capes, shawls, and ponchos are great layers that you will never outgrow. Also, it's not a bad idea to pick up an inexpensive lightweight, waterproof poncho at a camping or sporting goods store for those unexpected showers.
Kimono-style jackets are wonderfully stylish, comfortable and so size versatile that they can be worn before, during and after your pregnancy. It might even be the one garment you might think about having made, perhaps in a dark shade of cashmere or fine cotton.
Since your body temperature tends to go up when you're pregnant, cottons are your best bet. Heavy wools, tweeds and the like won't be very comfortable. Nor will pure synthetics - you're breathing for two now.